Interpreting for sports and recreation

David Bar-Tzur

Created 16 June 2001, links updated monthly with the help of LinkAlarm.

basketball player dribbling

If a link is followed by this icon: video camera: This links to a video, it is a video in spoken English, if: , it is in ASL.

Stained glass bulletStewart, D. (June 1, 1991). Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. ISBN-10: 0930323742, ISBN-13: 978-0930323745.

Suggestions for using sports sign dictionaries

By using a visual dictionary to see the playing field and equipment used in a given sport, as well as reading the rules of the game, visualize what situations, spatial relations, and vocabulary might come up, involving both specialized and non-specialized vocabulary. Think of how you would sign these. As you learn each sports sign: understand what the term means conceptually (ask a friend, use an English dictionary), produce the sign from the picture in the sports sign dictionary, try to understand where the sign came from. Below are some categories that might help you in this last step. (For an explanation of the glossing system, see explanation of the glossing system.)


The following information is taken from the three-volume videotape collection Bienvenu, MJ & Colonomos, B. ASL Numbers: Developing your skills (Cardinal & ordinal systems; Incorporating systems; and Unique systems). Sign Media Inc.

From Incorporating systems

For identifying players by their jersey numbers ("Number 67 has just made a field goal!"), use the special numbering system for concepts like "room number 7", "highway number 3", and "volume number 2": for the numbers 1 through 9, the palm orientation (PO) is towards the non-dominant side (NDS) and the fingertip orientation (FO) is away from the signer. For 10 to 15, the number is produced rapidly, multiple times. 16 through 19, the hand is twisted only once, instead of twice, as the cardinal (counting) numbers should be. 20 and so on are produced like the cardinal numbers. In addition, for all these numbers, the hand is held so close to the body that the wrist touches the chest.

From Unique systems

For reporting the score of a sports game, the home team score is produced at the chest and the visiting team is produced further away from the body. All numbers are produced so that the PO is towards the signer, even the numbers 6 to 9. The higher score is also always reported first. If there is a tie, the hands begin together and separate into the appropriate handshapes to report the score. If the progress of the game is being reported, the hands rise higher as the scores increase. If the signer is neutral, that is does not support either team, the scores are reported on either hand, according to how the teams were spatialized during the conversation, with the leading (or victorious) team first.

From Cardinal and ordinal numbers

For reporting the "place" of the team (first place, second place, third place, and so on), the PO is towards the signer, the FO is towards the NDS, and the handshape ([1], [2], [3], and so on) moves towards the dominant side. Another way is PO towards NDS, FO away from signer, and the handshape moves away from the signer. In rapid conversation, the hand may move rapidly towards the signer with a short jerk.


Interpreting for most sports

For most sports, the interpreter can stay on the bench or close to the couch, and the Deaf consumer/s can look to the coach and interpreter during instructions.

Interpreting for softball/baseball

The following advice is summarized from online comments by Brian McKenny and Jody. Jody, if you read this and want to send me your last name for proper attributions, my email is .


Interpreting for soccer

The following advice is summarized from online comments by Jody and Mel Fros, a Deaf coach.


Sports webpages

GENERAL Sports signs Acrobatics Aerobatics Aerobics
Aikido Air racing Alpine skiing Archery Auto racing
Aviation Badminton Ballooning Bandy Baseball
Basketball Beach volleyball Bicycle polo Billiards (Pool) BMX racing
Bobsleding Bocce (Boccia) Bodybuilding Boomeranging Bowling
Boxball Boxing Broomball Canadian football Candlepin bowling
Canoe polo Canoeing & kayaking Caving & karst Cheerleading Cricket
Croquet Cross country skiing Curling Cycling Dance sport
Darts Disc golf Diving Drag racing Duckpin bowling
Equestrian sports Fencing Field archery Field hockey Figure skating
Fishing Five-Pin bowling Flag football Flying discs Footbag
Football Freestyle skiing Gaelic football Gaming Goalball
Golf Gymnastics Handball Hang gliding Harness racing
Hockey (Ice hockey) Horse racing Horseshoe pitching Hunting Hurling
Indoor lacrosse Indoor soccer Inline skating Jai alai Jousting
Judo Karate Karting Kendo Korfball
Lacrosse Lawn bowls Luge Lumberjack sports Martial arts
Motocross Motorboat (Powerboat) racing Motorcycling Mountain biking NASCAR (car racing)
Orienteering Paddleball Paddle tennis Paintball Petanque
Pentathlon Platform tennis Polo Powerlifting Quarterhorse racing
Quoits Racquetball R/C model aircraft flying Rhythmic gymnastics Rifle shooting
Rodeo Roller derby Rounders Rowing Rugby
Sailing Scuba diving Sepak takraw Shinty Shooting
Short track speed skating Shuffleboard Skateboarding Skeleton Skiing & snowboarding
Skydiving (Target parachuting) Snowboarding Snowmobiling Snowshoe racing Soaring
Soccer Softball Speed skating Sport climbing Squash
Squash rackets Squash tennis Street luge Stoolball Sumo wrestling
Surfing Swimming Synchronized swimming Table tennis (Ping Pong) Stoolball
Taekwondo Team handball Tennis (Court tennis) Track & field Trampoline and Tumbling
Trapshooting Triathlon Tug-of-War Underwater hockey Vaulting
Volleyball Wakeboarding Water polo Water skiing Weightlifting
Windsurfing (Boardsailing) Wrestling Yoga

GENERAL

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XIV WORLD GAMES FOR THE DEAF Signed narration and voice narration. This special show documents the record breaking 109 medals won by the USA team in 1981 and captures the true life achievement of sport's pioneer, Art Kruger. This is a unique moment in deaf culture. In ASL, in Signed English, in foreign sign languages. Some are very oral, other signers communicate beautifully. All signs come across naturally, not staged, contrived or practiced. David Supalla and Brian Rasmus document the Fourteenth World Games for the Deaf in Cologne, West Germany. Never before have a deaf director and a deaf narrator had the opportunity to show the world what international deaf athletes are all about. Their interviews with game officials are spontaneous and revealing. They communicate with the athletes as equals in practice sessions at North Carolina School for the Deaf then travel with the athletes to report the tension and suspense of the World Class Competition.

stained glass ballAbout.com. Sports in the deaf community, including deaf athletes.

stained glass ballBremner, A.

stained glass ballCanadian Deaf Sports Association.

stained glass ballCISS: International Committee of Sports for the Deaf.

stained glass ballDeaf Gamers (UK).

stained glass ballDeafness.miningco.com. [Deaf] Sports.

stained glass ballDeaf Sports Australia.

stained glass ballGallaudet University athletics.

stained glass ballJDCC News Archives. Most issues from Issue 18 on have a page on "Deaf Jews in Sports".

stained glass ballLaFayette Athletic Association of the Deaf (Louisiana).

stained glass ballLeavins, J. (2001, Nov 12). World Games for the Deaf: Deaflympics.

stained glass ballMidwest Athletic Association for the Deaf.

stained glass ballNew England Athletics Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballOntario Deaf Sport Association.

stained glass ballOttawa Deaf Sports Club.

stained glass ballStewart, D. A. (1991, June). Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. ISBN-10: 0930323742, ISBN-13: 978-0930323745. Describing the full ramifications of athletics for Deaf people, this book discusses the meaning of individual participation to the cultural bonding resulting from organizations. Includes profiles of noted Deaf sports figures, and differences particular to Deaf sports, and shows the positive psychological and educational impact of deaf sport.

stained glass ballStrassler, B. (September/October 1996). Deaf Jews in sports.

stained glass ballTerminology collection: Sports and recreation.

stained glass ballUSA Deaf Sports Federation.

stained glass ball When (Deaf) Irish eyes are smiling.

stained glass ballWorld Recreation Association of the Deaf.

Sports in ASL

stained glass ballBar-Tzur, D. (2004).

Technical & specialized vocabulary ASL dictionary. Signs of Development. Over 15,000 entries. The dictionary is set up in major categories and further subdivided into categories making navigation as simple as point and click and each entry shows David as the sign model signing the term. There are several hundred entries for sports. To order.

Stained glass bulletA closer look: Signs for sports. This interactive CD-ROM demonstrates basic vocabulary using common signs used in sports and sporting events in secondary and postsecondary settings. Interpreters, students who are deaf, teachers and parents will benefit by preparing for vocabulary that might be used in the classroom as well as on the playing field. [Online Interactive Version]

stained glass ballLazorisak, C. and Lazorisak, A. Sports & P.E. signs. Signs of Development, Inc. "As interpreters, we do not only work in classroom settings interpreting lectures. Our work frequently finds us in gyms or out on the playing fields. This rough and tumble workshop is presented by a sports lover who will not only teach you the signs for the most popular sports and games but will do so through his talent of storytelling which will give you the information in context (research has proven this to be the most effective way to learn.) Andy is a graduate of the NJ School for the Deaf and is a master storyteller." To order.

stained glass ballLolling, L. Deaf Yoga for beginners is specifically designed to bring the powerful benefits of Yoga to the Deaf, as it is taught in American Sign Language. This DVD includes quick interactive access menus, practical instructions and other special features. Guided by traditional Hatha Yoga instructor, Lila Lolling, this DVD offers an excellent introduction to various Yoga topics such as Proper Breathing, Chakras and much more!

stained glass ballNTID/RIT Technical Signs. Sports/General. A comprehensive dictionary of signs for almost every possible word associated with sports and other general physical activities. This tape includes signs for the more common sports as well as those for fencing, archery, judo, and much more.

stained glass ballSign Media, Inc. Sports Sign Series. VHS: 30 minutes; voiced; signed in ASL. A brief history of the sport, an overview of the rules of the game, and the vocabulary used in the game.

Acrobatics

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Hickok Sports: Acrobatics rules.

Aerobatics

stained glass ballBar-Tzur, D.

Resources for technical/specialized interpreting: Aviation.

stained glass ballA glossary of flying: A dictionary of aeronautics terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Aerobatics rules.

stained glass ballThe National Business Aviation Association - Sign Language dictionary.

Aerobics

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A glossary of water aerobics terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Aerobics rules.

Aikido

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The Aikido FAQ.

stained glass ballDojoSites.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Aikido rules.

Air racing

stained glass ballBar-Tzur, D.

Resources for technical/specialized interpreting: Aviation.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Air racing rules.

stained glass ballThe National Business Aviation Association - Sign Language dictionary.

Archery

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HickokSports.com: Glossary for archery.

stained glass ballUSA Archery: Rules and regulations.

Auto racing

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Gunderson racing. Greg Gunderson is a deaf stock racing driver.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Auto racing glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Auto racing rules.

Aviation

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Deaf Pilots Association, Inc. Hearing loss of any degree or even total deafness need not disqualify anyone from earning a pilot's certificate. From the beginning of aviation, deaf and hard of hearing people have flown airplanes solo in the United States, Canada and some other countries, and today some 100 to 120 of them are active pilots and aircraft owners. On this site you can see how they won their wings without having to use the radio, and, if you like, join them in the skies as members of the Deaf Pilots Association.

Badminton

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Badminton Central.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Badminton glossary.

stained glass ballUSA Badminton: Rules.

Ballooning

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Glossary of ballooning jargon.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Balooning rules.

Bandy

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HickokSports.com: Bandy rules.

Baseball

stained glass ballTenBruggencate, J. (2005, October 27).

Deaf player separated from his interpreter.

stained glass ballBasball basics: Lingo.

stained glass ballBaseball rules - Past and present.

stained glass ballCurtis Pride. Deaf baseball player.

stained glass ballDummy Hoy. Deaf baseball player.

stained glass ballDummyHoy.com.

stained glass ballGallaudet University baseball.

stained glass ballGriffin, S.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Basketball glossary.

Basketball

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Basketball made simple. Has hand signals.

stained glass ballCNN/SI - NBA basketball - glossary.

stained glass ballCoffey, W. (2002). Winning sounds like this: A season with the women's basketball team at Gallaudet, the world's only university for the deaf. This is the remarkable story of the nation's most unique and inspiring women's basketball team and its 1999-2000 season. It is the touching chronicle of players who do not hear buzzers or cheers, a coach who has never used a whistle, and a university that is a mecca for deaf culture throughout the world. Author Wayne Coffey offers an intimate and unsparing look at the players' lives on and off the court, their struggles to overcome mistreatment and misconceptions of the hearing world, and their deeply rooted connection to one another. A historical overview of the education for deaf people is interwoven into the players' hopes and dreams.

stained glass ballDeaf International Basketball Federation is a world governing body for international deaf basketball in cooperation with the Deaflympics and its confederations. DIBF shall be an independent association composed of the National Organisations governing deaf basketball.

stained glass ballFirst Base Sports: Basketball glossary.

stained glass ballGallaudet University men's basketball.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's basketball.

stained glass ballOfficial referee hand signals.

stained glass ballTiefenbacher, W. (ed) (2001). Deaf girls rule. Deaf Girls Rule is a photographic essay documenting the 1999 championship year of the Gallaudet University Women's Basketball team. Accustomed to Gallaudet students competing and excelling in a hearing society, University followers were not surprised to find the team on their way to the NCAA Division III tournament. Excitement for the women's team had built from the start of the year when quality athletes from Minnesota to Sweden enrolled in the school, leading adjunct faculty member Wendy Tiefenbacher to document the season alongside her photography students. This book is the culmination of their work: the photos showing the passion and energy that took the team all the way to the Sweet Sixteen.

stained glass ballUSA Basketball: Rules.

Beach volleyball

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HickokSports.com: Beach volleyball rules.

Bicycle polo

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HickokSports.com: Bicycle polo rules.

Billiards (Pool)

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Easy pool tutor glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Billiards rules.

stained glass ballPool & billiards glossary.

BMX racing

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HickokSports.com: Auto racing glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: BMX racing rules.

Bobsleding

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HickokSports.com: Bobsledding glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Bobsledding rules.

Bocce (Boccia)

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Bocce Standards Association: Glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Boccia rules.

Bodybuilding

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GetBig.com: Bodybuilding jargon.

stained glass ballGetBig.com: Exercise meanings in bodybuilding & fitness.

stained glass ballGetBig.com: Miscellaneous terms in Bodybuilding & Fitness.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Bodybuiliding rules.

stained glass ballTruly Huge: Bodybuilding, health and fitness site.

Boomeranging

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Boomerang Association of Australia: Boomerang glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Boomeranging rules.

Bowling

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HickokSports.com: Bowling glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Bowling rules.

Boxball

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Boxball's specialty moves [glossary].

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Boxball rules.

stained glass ballStreetplay.com: Boxball.

Boxing

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Boxing glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Boxing rules.

Broomball

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HickokSports.com: Broomball rules.

stained glass ballPlay broomball.

Canadian football

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HickokSports.com: Canadian football rules.

Candlepin bowling

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HickokSports.com: Candlepin bowling rules.

Canoe polo

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HickokSports.com: Canoe polo rules.

Canoeing & kayaking

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HickokSports.com: Canoeing & kayaking glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Canoeing & kayaking rules.

stained glass ballNavigating discourse genres: ASL and English texts on canoeing in the BWCA. Introductory genre theory and its application to the interpreting process. Includes samples of five genres presented in ASL and English, sample interpretations, and tools and strategies for working with the CD. With scripts, outlines and resources for further study.

stained glass ballUSA canoe & kayak or alternate site.

Caving & karst

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Australian Speleological Federation Inc: Glossary of speleological & caving terms.

stained glass ballCave links.

stained glass ballCaver's Slang.

stained glass ballCaving Canada: Glossary of Karst-related terms.

stained glass ballJennings, J. N. (May 26, 1996). Cave & Karst terminology.

Cheerleading

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Cheerleading glossary.

stained glass ballWorld Around You. (2004, Fall). Deaf cheerleaders.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Cheerleading rules.

Cricket

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DM's Explanation of Cricket - Glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Cricket rules.

Croquet

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Croquet glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Croquet rules.

Cross country skiing

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FIS-Ski - Rules.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: skiing glossary.

Curling

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HickokSports.com: Curling glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Curling rules.

Cycling

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HickokSports.com: Cycling glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Cycling rules.

stained glass ballSheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary.

stained glass ballUnited States Deaf Cycling Association.

stained glass ballUSA cycling: Rulebooks and officials.

Dance sport

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United States Dance Championship rules.

Darts

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HickokSports.com: Darts glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Darts rules.

Disc golf

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Southern California Deaf Disc Golf.

Diving

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HickokSports.com: Diving glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Diving rules.

stained glass ballUnited States Aquatic Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballUSA diving rulebook.

Drag racing

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Glossary of drag racing terms.

stained glass ballGlossary of racing terms.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Drag racing rules.

Duckpin bowling

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HickokSports.com: Duckpin bowling rules.

Equestrian sports

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Hickok Sports: Equestrian sports glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Equestrian sports rules.

Fencing

stained glass ballGriffin, S.

Deaf Australian fencer to participate in Olympics.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Fencing glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Fencing rules.

stained glass ballUnited States Fencing Association: Rules of fencing. Click on "Download".

Field archery

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HickokSports.com: Glossary for archery.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Field archery rules.

Field hockey

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HickokSports.com: Field hockey glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Field hockey rules.

Figure skating

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HickokSports.com: Figure skating glossary.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Figure skating rules.

Fishing

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Fishing-Hunting.com - Complete resource for fishing and hunting.

stained glass ballHickokSports.com: Fishing rules.

stained glass ballNational Bass Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballOrvis: Fly fishing glossary.

stained glass ballSouthern California Deaf Anglers Club.

stained glass ballVirginia Fly Anglers: Fly fishing glossary.

Five-Pin bowling

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HickokSports.com: Five-Pin bowling rules.

Flag football

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HickokSports.com: Flag football rules.

stained glass ballUnited States Flag Football of the Deaf.

Flying discs

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Hickok sports: Flying discs rules.

Footbag

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Hickok sports: Footbag rules.

Football

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Deaf Fantasy Football League.

stained glass ballFirst Base Sports: Football glossary.

stained glass ballGallaudet University football.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Football rules.

stained glass ballSchaller, B. (1999). Roar of silence: Trial & triumph through deafness. His world is one without sound, but Kenny Walker made his own noise through his actions growing up in Texas and Colorado. Deaf since suffering meningitis at age 2, Kenny went on the become an All-American at the University of Nebraska before playing five years of professional football. The road was never clear for the former Denver Bronco, but through hard word, perseverance, and the support of people who truly cared for him, Kenny leads a life that is a shining example to those who experience disabilities and those who have not. This book include color photographs of his heartbreaking and heartwarming journey.

stained glass ballSchaller, B. (1999). Silent Warriors football.

Stained glass bulletWelch, T. (2007, February 16). Funny story about Deaf football player.

Freestyle skiing

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Hickok sports: Freestyle skiing glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Freestyle skiing rules.

Gaelic football

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Hickok sports: Gaelic football rules.

Gaming

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Deaf Gamers.

Goalball

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USA Goalball: Goalball rules.

Golf

stained glass ballBlakemore, M.

The ABC's of golf. How to's and glossary.

stained glass ballCentral Illinois Deaf Golf Association.

stained glass ballDeaf Golf Association or other site.

stained glass ballEastern Pennsylvania Golf Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballGeorgia Deaf Golfers Association.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Golf glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Golf rules.

stained glass ballMichigan Wolverine Deaf Lady Golfers.

stained glass ball Southeastern Deaf Golfers Association.

stained glass ballWorldgolf: The golfer's dictionary.

Gymnastics

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Hickok sports: Gymnastics glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Gymnastics rules.

stained glass ballWorld around you, Gallaudet University. (December 08, 2006). Deaf gymnast Aimee Walker Pond.signing hands An in-depth interview features deaf gymnast Aimee Walker Pond.

Handball (see also Team handball)

stained glass ballGlossary of one-wall handball terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Handball rules.

Hang gliding

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Glossary of Hang Gliding Terms.

stained glass ballHang gliding glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Hang gliding rules.

Harness racing

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Harness racing terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Harness racing rules.

Hockey (Ice hockey)

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CTV (Canadian Television) story on Megan McHugh, a Deab-Blind hockey player. video camera: This links to a video Requires QuickTime.

stained glass ballFirst Base Sports: Ice hockey glossary. Very comprehensive.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Hockey glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Hockey rules.

stained glass ballIce hockey referee signals.

Horse racing

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Hickok sports: Horse racing rules.

stained glass ballHorse racing glossary.

Horseshoe pitching

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Hickok sports: Horseshoe pitching rules.

Hunting

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Fishing-Hunting.com - Complete resource for fishing and hunting.

stained glass ballThe Hunting Network or alternate site 1.

stained glass ballThe Hunting Network: Hunting glossary.

Hurling

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Hickok sports: Hurling rules.

Indoor lacrosse

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Hickok sports: Indoor lacrosse rules.

Indoor soccer

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Hickok sports: Indoor soccer rules.

Inline skating

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About.com: Inline skating history and glossary of inline skating terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Inline skating rules.

stained glass ballskateGRRL.com - Glossaries for various styles.

Jai alai

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Glossary of key terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Jai alai rules.

stained glass ballJai alai glossary.

Jousting

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Hickok sports: Jousting rules.

stained glass ballKnighthood, chivalry & tournament: Glossary of terms.

Judo

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Glossary of Judo terms.

stained glass ballInternational Martial Arts Federation of the Deaf.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Judo rules.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Martial arts rules.

Karate

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Hickok sports: Karate rules.

stained glass ballInternational Martial Arts Federation of the Deaf.

stained glass ballKarate terms.

stained glass ballUSANKF sport karate rules.

Karting

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Hickok sports: Karting rules.

stained glass ballThe Internet karting glossary.

stained glass ballThe karting glossary.

Kendo

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Hickok sports: Kendo rules.

stained glass ballKendo/Shiai glossary.

stained glass ballKendo glossary.

Korfball

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Hickok sports: Korfball rules.

Lacrosse

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Hickok sports: Lacrosse rules.

stained glass ballUS Lacrosse - Men's Lacrosse Rules.

Lawn bowls

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Hickok sports: Lawn bowls rules.

stained glass ballLawn bowls glossary.

Luge

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Hickok sports: Luge glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Luge rules.

Lumberjack sports

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American Lumberjack Association - Rules and regulations. Has some terminology.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Lumberjack sports rules.

stained glass ballWorld Deaf Timberfest.

Martial arts

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American Martial Arts Association for the Deaf.

Stained glass bulletAndrews, A. Deaf Ninja.

stained glass ballBudo seek. Martial arts for the deaf. A series of responses on a listserv.

stained glass ballGlielmi, G. & Long, B. (1999, December 14). Rape & RAD: Rape Aggression Defense Systems. This isn't about sports but may help those who interpret for martial arts classes.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Martial arts glossary.

stained glass ballInternational Martial Arts Federation of the Deaf. See also their feature American Deaf martial artists.

stained glass ballJDCC News. Our Hearing Jewish friends in our Deaf circle: Cary Nemeroff. Soke/President of Fukasa-Kai, Inc.

stained glass ballMartial signing: Using American Sign Language for self-defense.

stained glass ballSportsArena.com. Aikido, Capoeira, Chung Moo Doe, Filipino, Grappling, Hapkido, Hwa Rang Do, Indian, Japanese, Jeet Kune Do, Judo, Jujutsu, Karate, Kenpo, Kickboxing, Korean, Kuk Sool Won, Kung Fu, Kurash, Muay Thai, Ninpo, Russian, Silat, Submission Fighting and MMA, Sumo, Tae Kwon Do, Taido, Tang Soo Do and Soo Bahk Do, Tukong Moosul, Weaponry, Western, Wing Chun.

Motocross

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Hickok sports: Motocross rules.

Motorboat (Powerboat) racing

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Hickok sports: Powerboat racing glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Powerboat racing rules.

Motorcycling

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American Deaf Bikers.

stained glass ballDeaf motorcyle links.

stained glass ballGriffin, S. Disability no obstacle to this U.K. daredevil!

stained glass ballEastern Deaf Bikers.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Motorcycle racing rules.

stained glass ballLancaster Insurance: Motorcyle glossary.

stained glass ballMotorcycles: A glossary for the uninitiated.

Mountain biking

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Hickok sports: Mountain biking rules.

stained glass ballLandauer, D. (Aug 20, 1999). A dictionary of mountain bike slang.

Nordic combined

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Nordic combined glossary. Go to "GLOSSARY" and "click here".

stained glass ballFIS-Ski - Rules.

NASCAR (car racing)

stained glass ballKokonut Pundit.

Greg Gunderson and Kansas City Star.

Orienteering

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Hickok sports: Orienteering rules.

Paddleball

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Hickok sports: Paddleball rules.

Paddle tennis

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Glossary of paddle tennis terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Paddle tennis rules.

Paintball

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Hickok sports: Paintball rules.

stained glass ballPaintball glossary.

Petanque

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Hickok sports: Petanque rules.

Pentathlon

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Hickok sports: Modern pentathlon rules.

Platform tennis

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Hickok sports: Platform tennis rules.

Polo

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Glossary of polo terms. Look to the right; it's somewhat obscured.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Polo rules.

Powerlifting

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GetBig.com: Bodybuilding jargon.

stained glass ballGetBig.com: Exercise meanings in bodybuilding & fitness.

stained glass ballGetBig.com: Miscellaneous terms in Bodybuilding & Fitness.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Powerlifting rules.

stained glass ballTruly Huge: Bodybuilding, health and fitness site.

Quarterhorse racing

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Hickok sports: Quarterhorse racing rules.

stained glass ballTurfPedia - The Horse Racing Encyclopedia.

Quoits

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Hickok sports: Quoits rules.

Racquetball

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Hickok sports: Racquetball glossary.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Racquetball rules.

stained glass ballNational Racquetball Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballUSA Racquetball: Rules.

R/C model aircraft flying

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Dallas Electric Aircraft Flyers. The purpose of the D.E.A.F. is to foster and support all phases of sporting activity for R/C model aircraft, to encourage personal and collective advancement of aerodynamics and related arts and sciences, and to promote general interest in electric powered flight.

Rhythmic gymnastics

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Hickok sports: Rhythmic gymnastics rules.

stained glass ballRhythmic gymnastics glossary.

Rifle shooting

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Glossary of target shooting terms.

stained glass ballHickok sports: Rifle shooting rules.

Rodeo

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Hickok sports: Rodeo rules.

stained glass ballRodeo glossary.

Roller derby

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Hickok sports: Roller derby rules.

Rounders

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Hickok sports: Rounders rules.

Rowing

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Hickok Sports: Rowing glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Rowing rules.

stained glass ballUS Rowing: Rules.

Rugby

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Hickok Sports: Rugby glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Rugby rules.

stained glass ballInternational Martial Arts Federation of the Deaf.

stained glass ballSports: Rugby glossary.

stained glass ballWales Deaf Rugby Football Club.

Sailing

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Hickok Sports: Sailing rules.

stained glass ballNautical nomenclature.

stained glass ballSailingLinks. Glossary.

stained glass ballUS sailing rules.

Scuba diving

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Glossary of diving medical terms.

stained glass ballScuba travel - Dictionary of marine biology and SCUBA diving terms.

stained glass ballSeaSigns - A better way to communicate.

Sepak takraw

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Hickok Sports: Sepak takraw rules.

stained glass ballSepak takraw glossary.

Shinty

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Hickok Sports: Shinty rules.

Shooting

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BASC - Glossary of shooting terms.

stained glass ballGlossary of target shooting terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Shooting rules.

Short track speed skating

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Hickok Sports: Short track speed skating rules.

Shuffleboard

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Glossary of shuffleboard terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Shuffleboard rules.

Skateboarding

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Hickok Sports: Skateboarding rules.

stained glass ballSkateboard headquarters.

stained glass ballSkateboard science: Glossary.

Skeleton

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Hickok Sports: Skeleton rules.

Skiing & snowboarding

stained glass ballAdventureSports.com.

Snowboard glossary of terms.

stained glass ballA glossary of ski terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Skiing glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Skiing rules.

stained glass ballUnited States Deaf Ski & Snowboard Association.

Skydiving (Target parachuting)

stained glass ballFabrizio, R. 10/31/1999).

Local skydiver makes history for deaf athletes.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Skydiving rules.

stained glass ballSilent free fall.

Snowboarding

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Hickok Sports: Snowboarding rules.

stained glass ballSnowboarding glossary.

Snowmobiling

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Hickok Sports: Snowmobiling rules.

Snowshoe racing

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Hickok Sports: Snowshoe racing rules.

Soaring

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Hickok Sports: Soaring rules.

Soccer

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First Base Sports: Soccer glossary.

stained glass ballGallaudet University men's soccer.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's soccer.

stained glass ballGoff, S. (2008, April 19). Deaf Soccer Player Tackles Pro Challenge. Eby, 24, played at Gallaudet University from 2003 until 2006 and is an assistant coach at the school. He is a member of the U.S. deaf national team, which will compete in the world championship this summer in Greece.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Soccer rules.

Softball

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Gallaudet University softball.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Softball rules.

stained glass ballNational Softball Association of the Deaf.

stained glass ballSouthern Softball Association of the Deaf.

Speed skating

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Hickok Sports: Speed Skating glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Speed Skating rules.

Sport climbing

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Hickok Sports: Sport climbing rules.

Squash

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US Squash: Squash glossary.

stained glass ballUS Squash: Squash rules.

Squash rackets

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Hickok Sports: Squash rackets rules.

Squash tennis

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Hickok Sports: Squash tennis rules.

Stoolball

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Hickok Sports: Stoolball rules.

Street luge

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Hickok Sports: Street luge rules.

Sumo wrestling

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AJJF Sumo rules.

stained glass ballSumo FAQ glossary.

stained glass ballChijanofuji.com. Sumo glossary.

Surfing

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Hickok Sports: Surfing rules.

stained glass ballSan Diego Deaf Surfers.

stained glass ballWind and wave glossary.

Swimming

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Gallaudet University men's swimming.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's swimming.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Swimming rules.

stained glass ballSwimming glossary.

stained glass ballUnited States Aquatic Association of the Deaf.

Synchronized swimming

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Hickok Sports: Synchronized swimming glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Synchronized swimming rules.

Table tennis (Ping pong)

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Hickok Sports: Table tennis glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Table tennis rules.

Taekwondo

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Hickok Sports: Martial arts glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Taekwondo rules.

Team handball

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Hickok Sports: Team handball rules.

stained glass ballRefereeing handsignals.

stained glass ballTeam handball glossary.

stained glass ballUSA Deaf Team Handball.

Tennis (Court tennis)

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Gallaudet University men's tennis.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's tennis.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Tennis glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Court tennis rules.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Tennis rules.

Track & field

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Gallaudet University men's indoor track.

stained glass ballGallaudet University men's outdoor track.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's indoor track.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's outdoor track.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Track & Field rules.

stained glass ballUSA Deaf Track & Field.

Trampoline and tumbling

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Hickok Sports: Trampoline and tumbling rules.

stained glass ballTrampolining glossary.

stained glass ballTrampoline and tumbling glossary.

Trapshooting

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Hickok Sports: Trapshooting rules.

stained glass ballTrapshooting glossary.

Triathlon

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BeginnerTriathlete.com Glossary of Triathlon Terms.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Triathlon rules.

Tug-of-War

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Hickok Sports: Tug-of-War rules.

Underwater hockey

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Hickok Sports: Underwater hockey rules.

Vaulting

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Hickok Sports: Vaulting rules.

Volleyball

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Canadian Deaf volleyball.

stained glass ballGallaudet University women's volleyball.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Volleyball rules.

stained glass ballVolleyball glossary.

Wakeboarding

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Hickok Sports: Wakeboarding rules.

Water polo

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Hickok Sports: Water Polo glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Water Polo rules.

Water skiing

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Hickok Sports: Water Skiing rules.

Weightlifting

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Hickok Sports: Weightlifting glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Weightlifting rules.

Windsurfing (Boardsailing)

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Glossary of windsurfing terminology.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Windsurfing rules.

Wrestling

stained glass ballgersus1. (2007, September 18).

matt hamill's training place.signing hands

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Wrestling glossary.

stained glass ballHickok Sports: Wrestling rules.

stained glass ballNational Deaf Prep Dual Wrestling Tournament.

Yoga

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Deaf Yoga.

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